Leaders of modern enterprises can tell you or their shareholders the current return on investment, return on capital, or return on assets, but they cannot report the Return On Process (ROP). The days of spending lots of money and time to achieve nothing more than a CMMI maturity level, an ISO registration, or some other kind of framed certificate to hang on the wall are over. Leaders and practitioners are accountable for how and where they spend their energy and resources, especially in the new economy. If process improvement is to remain a viable and valuable business pursuit, we need to start understanding and measuring how capability affects business performance and results.